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Calendar Spread or Call Time Spread

Components
Short one front month call option and long one far month call option. (i.e. the option you sell is to be closer to expiration than the option you are buying).
Risk / Reward
Maximum Loss: Limited on both down and upside for market direction.
Maximum Gain: Limited.
Characteristics
When to use: When you are bearish on volatility and neutral to bearish on market price.
Note that with this payoff graph I have shown the net theoretical result only at the first expiration date when with the underlying trading at 100, which is the best result: the near month call will expire worthless and you will still have a long call ATM position.
Traders use time spreads to take advantage of time decay - the property of options being a decaying asset. However, due to the risk involved in selling naked options, a time spread protects the position buy buying an option in the next month.
The long back month option position offsets large losses that can result from being short options when the underlying market moves unfavourably.
It is best to implement a time spread when there is < 30 days to expiration in the front month. That is for the short side i.e. selling an option with 30 days or less to expiration.
Having said that, not everybody agrees that this is the ideal direction for calendar spreads. David Rivera from Delta Neutral Trading suggests that money can be made by going long the front month option and shorting the back month, provided the front month has a lower "cost per day".
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